Augustine - 4 States of Sin in Man
I Am - Deity of God
Gary Manning Jr
- “They saw Jesus walking on the sea… and they were frightened. But he said to them, “It is I (ἐγώ εἰμι); do not be afraid.”” (John 6:19-20)
- “Truly, truly I say to you: before Abraham was, I am (ἐγώ εἰμι).” (John 8:58)
- “Jesus said to [the soldiers], “Whom do you seek?” They answered “Jesus of Nazareth.” Jesus answered “I am he (ἐγώ εἰμι).” … when Jesus said to them “I am he (ἐγώ εἰμι),” they retreated and fell to the ground… Jesus answered “I told you that I am he (ἐγώ εἰμι).”” (John 18:6-8)
In each of these three, the context suggests that Jesus’ deity is implied.
Natural Law
Natural law is the legal
theory upon which the Christian West was founded. It holds that a moral code is
written on the hearts of men, valid for all peoples and places, providing a
basis for moral certainty guiding human action. This moral law in human nature
provides the general guidelines upon which all law is based. The Ten
Commandments, for example, are often described as a succinct summary of natural
law.
Son of Man
Daniel had a vision in the heavenly court of God.
there came one like a son of man,
and he came to the Ancient of Days
and was presented before him.14 And to him was given dominion
and glory and a kingdom,
that all peoples, nations, and languages
should serve him;
his dominion is an everlasting dominion,
which shall not pass away,
and his kingdom one
that shall not be destroyed.
The Son of Man was given authority to judge the world
The Son of Man is a heavenly person who descends to this world whose principal role
is His visitation to this earth is that of the heavenly judge. And then He returns to the presence
of God in His ascension. Jesus said "No one ascends to the Father except He who has first descended from Him. Jesus claim of the Son of Man was not of humility but a claim to divine authority. Ex. He said to His enemies when Jesus healed on the Sabbath, "I did this that you may know that the Son of Man is Lord of the Sabbath. Again and again, the title "Son of Man" that Jesus uses for Himself is a highly exalted title.
How do you
know the Bible is True? (John MacArthur)
1-The person of Jesus Christ
The presentation of the person of Jesus Christ is beyond comprehension.
It says in the Bible about Jesus “This man has never spoken like any other man before”
He is not some person from someone’s imagination. How can you explain Resurrection?
There were 500 eyewitnesses to the Resurrection, who did not expect it.
How do you explain the 12 apostles who were scared of their own shadow and went out to hide
become the trumpet for Christ and changed the world?
though you are small among the clans[a] of Judah,
out of you will come for me
one who will be ruler over Israel,
whose origins are from of old,
from ancient times.”
a pack of villains encircles me;
they pierce[e] my hands and my feet.
17 All my bones are on display;
people stare and gloat over me.
18 They divide my clothes among them
and cast lots for my garment.
Heidelberg Catechism - Divided into 3 parts:
Romans 11:25-26 One True Israel
25 Lest you be wise in your own sight, I do not want you to be unaware of this mystery, brothers:[d] a partial hardening has come upon Israel, until the fullness of the Gentiles has come in. 26 And in this way all Israel will be saved, as it is written,
“The Deliverer will come from Zion,
he will banish ungodliness from Jacob”;
Romans chapter 11 is often used as a key
argument against dispensationalism because it suggests that the eventual
salvation of "all Israel" will happen within the current church age,
not in a future distinct dispensation, contradicting the dispensational view of
a separate future plan for Israel distinct from the Church.
Key points from Romans
11 against dispensationalism:
·
"Fullness
of the Gentiles":
Dispensationalists
interpret this phrase in Romans 11:25 as referring to a large number of Gentile
converts, but not the complete inclusion of Gentiles, leaving room for a future
restoration of Israel. However, critics argue that the context indicates
this refers to the current era of Gentile salvation, leading to the eventual
salvation of all Israel.
·
"All
Israel will be saved":
This
verse (Romans 11:26) is central to the argument against dispensationalism, as
it suggests that all of Israel (both Gentiles and True Israel) will eventually be saved, not just a remnant,
during the current church age.
· No
distinction between Israel and the Church:
Critics
argue that Romans 11 presents a unified picture of God's plan for salvation,
including both Jews and Gentiles, without a clear separation between the
"Church Age" and a future "Israel Age" that is central to
dispensationalism.
·
I Interpretation
of "Blindness in part":
They
argue that the "blindness" referred to in Romans 11:25 is not a
permanent state for Israel, but a temporary hardening that will eventually be
lifted as the fullness of the Gentiles comes in.
· Emphasis
on the present work of the Spirit:
Critics
point out that Romans 11 highlights the work of the Holy Spirit in bringing
salvation to both Jews and Gentiles in the present time, not a future, distinct
plan for Israel.
Romans 1:
16 For I am not ashamed of the gospel, for it is the power of God for salvation to everyone who believes, to the Jew first and also to the Greek. 17 For in it the righteousness of God is revealed from faith for faith,[e] as it is written, “The righteous shall live by faith.”
Elaboration:
Dikaiosune (Greek):
Luther focused on the Greek term dikaiosune in the New Testament, finding that it meant "to be declared righteous" or "to be accounted righteous" by God. He understood this to mean God declares a sinner righteous not because of their own righteousness, but because of Christ's righteousness imputed to them.
Justificare (Latin):
Luther's Breakthrough:
Luther's reinterpretation of dikaiosune was a pivotal moment in his religious journey. He realized that justification was not a process of becoming righteous, but rather a declaration of righteousness by God, based solely on faith in Christ.
Sola Fide:
This understanding of justification by faith alone (sola fide) was central to Luther's theology and a major point of contention with the Catholic Church.
Alien Righteousness:
Luther referred to the righteousness of Christ as an "alien righteousness," meaning it is not our own but is given to us by God.
Critique of Works Righteousness:
Luther rejected the idea that good works were necessary for justification, arguing that they were a consequence of faith, not a means of obtaining it. He emphasized that while good works are important, they do not contribute to our salvation.